Kwantung Army

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Japanese Imperial Army of Japan is an important component of the Army, which intruded by King County in northeast China, Dalian's Established in the year 1919, the dissolution in August 1945 AD. Japan's Kwantung Army stationed in Northeast China's army. Code has 31 infantry divisions, 11 soldiers and tank brigades, a brigade death squads and two Air Force, and Manchukuo troops, totaling about 120 million people. In August 1945, the Soviet Red Army sent troops to the northeast, the Kwantung Army eighty-three thousand people were killed, arrested five hundred ninety-four thousand people. After the war, the rest of the Kwantung Army officers and soldiers were sent to Siberia as prisoners in forced fatigue.

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elementary message almost the origin of the caption summarize history of the General Command of Corps History war served as commander and chief of staff, readiness of other staffing brutality of raid against the basic message (Japan's Kwantung Army) Guandongjun Kwantung Army was founded in AD In 1919, dissolved in August 1945 AD, the heading is the origin of the Japanese Kwantung Army Japanese Army is one momentous part of it because of invasion of King County in northeast China, Dalian region

Kwantung Army

named. In 1898, Russia forced the Qing government to Chinese administration and Dalian Port Arthur Bay February 1904, Russo-Japanese War broke out last year and five months, and finally to Russia, ended in failure. After the war, according to the two sides entered into the Since Russia grasped the southern invaders in northeast China all the privileges, Japan won the eastern mainland colonies. 1905 (Meiji 37 October 18), the Japanese invaders in northeast China to consolidate its colonial rule in southern Manchuria, set up in Liaoyang Kanto Dudufu by Army generals, Governor of the Big Island Yichang, equipped with the Army Military Government Department. 1907, Japan April 12, 1919, the Japanese Military Government to the Kanto Kanto Office, based on the original Department of the Army, and the other composed of the Kwantung Army headquarters, the implementation of military and political divide and conquer: Kanto Department of Justice, the Chief most

Kwantung Army < / p> higher administration; Kwantung Army headquarters was the maximum military authorization. Kwantung Army headquarters the first set of Shenyang, then moved to Port Arthur, before and after September 1931 moved to Shenyang, the establishment of Manchukuo in 1932, before and after the move Changchun, until the morn of the surrender in August 1945. Once to Tonghua, Riverside restriction move in an attempt to mallet with recalcitrant mountain, eventually ended with Japan's unconditional surrender. General staff of the Kwantung Army headquarters is situated, the Ministry aide, weapons department, manager, department, Medical Department, Veterinary Department, Ministry of Justice, directing the division stationed in Northeast China, and the Port Arthur Independent fort artillery brigade, Kanto military police. Commander of the Kwantung Army by the Japanese cabinet minister and chief of staff headquarters of the presidency. Far East International Military Tribunal for the decree of the Kwantung Army's elucidation is: Japan's Kwantung Army stationed in Northeast China's army. Code has 31 infantry divisions, 11 infantry and tank brigades, a brigade death squads and two Air Force, and Manchukuo troops,cccengineers.com, totaling about 120 million people. 1905 Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese occupation of China's Liaodong Peninsula and South Manchuria Railway. Soon, Japan will be renamed Kanto state Liaodong Peninsula, Kanto Military Government set up in Port Arthur, under the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Department of the Army. Military Government in 1919 in the Kanto Army, based on the Kwantung Army headquarters is located in Port Arthur. Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, according to Japan to nourish its colonial interests, to send two divisions of 40,000 people Corps stationed in the Kanto and the South Manchuria Railway subsidiary of the state, the Governor and the establishment of Kanto. The following year, Government House to Military Government, under the Department of the Army, exempted army divisions, six independent garrison battalion, Port Arthur and other heavy artillery battalion and military police.

the Soviet Red Army

20 half of the century, in the long-term invasion of the Japanese army in northeast China's large group. In 1919, Military Government revoked, to set off the East Room, the establishment of the Kwantung Army, first commander of the small Ichiro Tachibana, headquarters in Port Arthur, instantly under the Emperor. 1926 into the Showa epoch, the Japanese invasion of China and shoving ahead with preparations for the war the Soviet Union's mainland policy. In 1928, the Kwantung Army fabrication Huanggutun, killing Chinese Manchurian warlord Chang Tso-lin chairman. 1931 plan, Cooked Manchukuo the following year, the headquarters shook to Changchun, concurrently commander of the Japanese in Since then, the Kwantung Army in Northeast China's colonist rule and brutal oppression of Chinese anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians, plundered food and ore resources to China's northeast and further combative expansion into Japan, an important strategic found. In 1928, the Kwantung Army to build September 18, 1931, the Kwantung Army to create In 1932, the establishment of Manchukuo. In May 1939, with the Mongolian army troops in Manchuria Nomonhan small-scale border conflict occurred, then evolved into the Imperial Army of the Soviet Red Army clash. Zhu command can 伕 voyage seventy thousand six Soviet Far East Army to knock the two divisions of mechanized about 40,000 Kwantung Army. Eighteen thousand Japanese soldiers killed or harmed. Japan impact, Hiranuma cupboard to resign. Kwantung Army commander and chief of staff, Ueda Kenkichi Angeles Valley Rensuke dismissal. In 1942, the Pacific War began, the Kwantung Army was gradually transferred to the Pacific the chief front. Reversed in 1943 after the fighting, numerous of the Kwantung Army in the Pacific isles were obliterated out. In August 1945, the Soviet Red Army sent troops to the northeast, the Kwantung Army eighty-three thousand people were killed, captured five hundred ninety-four thousand people. After the war, the rest of the Kwantung Army officers and soldiers were sent to Siberia as prisoners in forced labor. Corps History end of 1941, the Kwantung Army with a large number of combat strength of a kind of division (nomination is not greater than 20): 1st Division, 8th Division, 9th Division, 10th Division, 11th Division, 12th Division, 14th Division, 23rd Division, 24th Division, 25th Division, 28th Division, 29th Division, 57th Division. October 1942, the Japanese Kwantung Army headquarters will be upgraded to the Kwantung Army headquarters, two added Army Command and armored forces, Kanto Defense Command and Air Command 2, the Kwantung Army's strength pinnacled. The end of 1942, little alteration in the Kwantung Army's main divisions, It’s about time: 1st Division, 8th Division, 9th Division, 10th Division, 11th Division, 12th Division, 14th Division, 23 Division, 24 Division, 25 Division, 28th Division, 29th Division, 57th Division, 71st Division. From 1943, with the development of the Pacific war, the Kwantung Army was gradually transferred to the Pacific the cardinal front. The end of 1943, the Kwantung Army's main divisions: 1st Division, 8th Division, 9th Division, 10th Division, 11th Division, 12th Division, 14th Division, 23rd Division, 24th Division, 25th Division, 27th Division, 28th Division, 29th Division, 57th Division, 71st Division. January 1945, the Japanese Kwantung Army headquarters deployed 13 divisions once anew worked to the Pacific theater. U.S. military occupation of Okinawa in April and began to raid the Japanese mainland, the Japanese mainland in order to concentrate forces for a decisive battle, and from the Kwantung Army deployed seven divisions and the reserves of approximately 1 / 3 of the local preparation of strategic materials to Japan. May 1945, after the surrender of Nazi Germany and Japan for the barricade to attack the Soviet Union may afresh stretch the Kwantung Army troops, in the northeast of the 250,000 veterans of the Japanese soldiers re-recruited, compiled eight divisions, seven mixed brigades and regiments , one tank regiment and five firearms pinion, as a transient deployment of additional troops. After fast added, the Kwantung Army forces to 24 divisions, about 70 million people. Kwantung Army to increase the total number of expansion is only a surface, a serious absence of weapons, or even transferred the equipment to add New puppet Kwantung Army troops, many recruits surrounded the aged and children. In August 1945, the Kwantung Army to attack the Soviet campaign, the configuration of the Kwantung Army 22 Division: 39th Division, 63rd Division, 79th Division, 107 Division, 108 Division, 112 Division , 117 Division, 119 Division, 122 Division, 123 Division, 124 Division, 125 Division, 126 Division, 127 Division, 128 Division, 134 Division, 35 Division, 136 Division, 138 divisions, 139 divisions, 148 divisions, 149 divisions. War of aggression against China, the vanguard of history, 1904, Japanese troops invaded Northeast China to vex the Russo-Japanese War. After extra than a year fighting the Japanese victory. Long

Kwantung Army Headquarters

duration of land coveted by the Japanese invaders in northeast China under the pretext of protecting rights and interests of the South Manchurian Railway, has set up a so-called group. Two forces about 20,000 people, is a sweeping command of the Governor Kanto. Japan was the Northeast region under their control to set the As a outcome, the Kwantung Army in Northeast began entrenched 40-year-old criminal doings. 1919, to enhance the status of the Kwantung Army, the Japanese withdrew Kanto Dudufu, set up permissions smaller Kanto Hall, and in the Kanto Army Military Government created on the basis of the Kwantung Army Command, commander of Japanese troops stationed in Northeast China ministries. Directly affected by the Emperor of Japan from the Kwantung Army command, independence has increased greatly. September 18, 1931, Japan launched a brutal Sharpening of the Kwantung Army took the opportunity from the South Manchuria Railway possessions out, one day they occupied Shenyang, Changchun, Liaoyang city. Meanwhile, the Kwantung Army troops began to increase rapidly: in 1931 only three divisions the Kwantung Army, 1932 ,1933-1936 to six years to maintain the five divisions of troops in 1937 to 7, 1938 9 , 1939 11, 1940 12. July and August 1941, in line with Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union, Kwantung Army to the Soviet Union mobilized a catena of particularly targeted exercises, and mobilization of large mathematics of troops once again hoarding the Northeast. Before the Japanese attack on jewelry Harbor, the Kwantung Army's total strength has approached 31 divisions, the number rose to 85 million people, known as the million. Seeing the Pacific battlefield cannon fodder Germany attacked the Soviet Union frustrated the Japanese are fearful of, defiance attack the Soviet Union. While Britain and France and other countries busy in war in Europe and Africa, incapable to concern of the machine the East, the Japanese determined to launch a war in the Pacific. Kwantung Army then ordered south. December 7, 1941, Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, to stir up war in the Pacific. June the following year, the Japanese were defeated in the Battle of Midway, was forced to stop the strategic offensive, defensive turn. Kwantung Army does not have dared to take the initiative to stir up distress. The second half of 1942, Japan's October 1942, the Japanese Kwantung Army headquarters will be upgraded to the Kwantung Army headquarters, two additional Army Command and armored forces, Kanto Defense Command and Air Command 2. From the second half of 1943, as the latent to reinstate the Pacific theater decadent Japanese Kwantung Army headquarters began to deploy troops reinforcements from the Pacific theater, expect this January 1945, the base camp and from the Kwantung Army to deploy 13 divisions and a special standing with highly mechanized corps went to the Pacific theater. However, the Kwantung Army not only failed to reverse the defeat of the Pacific War, yet in vain as cannon hay in a war the United States. In early April, the U.S. captured Okinawa, and began to raid the Japanese mainland, the Japanese had to concentrate forces for the local battle of the preparation, this take away the seven divisions and from the Kwantung Army and the Kwantung Army Reserve for nearly 1 / 3 of strategic materials and a large number of people behind home. Early May 1945, after Germany's unconditional surrender, the Soviet Union's attention increasingly turned to the Far East. Northeast China under the leadership of the Communist Party of the anti-Japanese armed also continue to combat and eliminate the Japanese forces. Kwantung Army had re-expanded force, to prepare for war. To this end, the Kwantung Army in Northeast 250,000 veterans of the Japanese soldiers to re-collected, and compiled into eight divisions, seven mixed brigades and regiments, one tank corps and five artillery wing, as a temporary deployment of additional troops. After quickly added, Imperial Army troops in one fell pounce to 24 divisions,oceanwavekerry.com, about 70 million people. Kwantung Army troops increase is only a surface expansion, weaponry and fighting qualities just the equivalent of eight and a half before the division. Especially since Japan suffered a defeat in each battle, morale, reputation has gone quondam the Kwantung Army. Corps to escape the war in Europe became after the Soviets began a free hand to handle with the Kwantung Army. August 8, 1945 the Soviet Union declared war to Japan. At the moment, Soviet Marshal commanding the West out 伕 Chomsky has used 1.5 million massive cover of darkness to start in the Sino-Soviet border. 9 am,

Kwantung Army last defense against the Soviet district and the gist locations of the position map

Soviet suddenly from three directions at the same time to the Japanese fired a lusty aggression. Dawn, Soviet Ji about in always intentions along the frames, the amount of compel a crossroads of the River, Chelsea Laguna, Heilongjiang and the Ussuri River, respectively, from Hou Beijia Chelsea, coastal and coastal regions of Heilongjiang in northeast China into the territory in 5000 km front on the battlefield start muscular attack. 9, Chairman Mao Zedong published a Although the Kwantung Army fighting the Soviet Union has long been prepared, even once also dragged out a determined battle with the Soviet posture, whatever, conceived as a crucial moment of the Kwantung Army in 1946, not only failed to find Soviet strength, and even the Soviet Union Union officially alleged war on Japan the news, they did no obtain forward. In a mighty Soviet repellent, the Kwantung Army was soon well-laid front collapsed, General Command of the hurried decision to cede the in an try to war the Soviets in the Tonghua space. At this time of the Kwantung Army officers and soldiers do not have the fighting morale, have for their lives. The original idea of ​​a big battle cornered into a desperate pursuance game. Soviet Army's operations are entire progressing well. Especially by the directive of Admiral carat 伕 Qinke Sixth Guards Tank Army aggression in Daxinganling received a amazing, in less than a week before the clash have been central to the northeast, creating a miracle. Kwantung Army never regained. Escape extinction August 10, the Japanese headquarters issued an order directing the Kwantung Army in the last resort, you tin give up Manchuria, retreated to North Korea. However, the Japanese term for However, this hat and no livestock can not be renewed viewpoint and spirit of Japan. August 15, Japan surrendered to open Emperor Yu Rengong. But the arrogance of the Japanese Kwantung Army headquarters did not receive an pardon for the cease-fire array, proceeded to resist. To 17, in counting to Hella Chelsea, Ning and a few tiger and East regions of the leftovers of the Japanese fortification are still recalcitrant, the Kwantung Army had completely lost the competence to resist. Seeing defeat has been set, commander of the Kwantung Army's last three Yamada B will finally presented to the Soviet apply for armistice negotiations. August 19 at midday, the Soviet Colonel Division A Chelsea Jie Myanmar rate five officers, six soldiers of the naval mission in the 9 soldier escort, arrived at Changchun Airport to referee with the Japanese. Under pressure, Yamada B three representatives to the Soviet command to hand over the character of the knife, alleged himself and his subordinates as Soviet prisoners of war. The battle, the Kwantung Army lost about 67.7 million, of which 8.3 million people were annihilated, 59.4 million people to surrender, and Soviet casualties only 3.2 million people. Moreover, those who rely on the Japanese Kwantung Army luck did not flee the most senior war criminals to judge. Former Kwantung Army Provost Marshal, Chief of Staff of Hideki Tojo, sometime deputy chief of staff of the Kwantung Army, chief of staff of Shiro Itagaki, a sometime chief of staff of the Kwantung Army soldiers, Taro Kimura, formerly of the Kwantung Army Headquarters, he served as the 7th Army commander Kenji Doihara, formerly of the Kwantung Army Headquarters, he served as Army chief of staff of the 14th chapter Muto, were sent to the gallows. Other flagrant, wicked the Kwantung Army generals alternatively punished, or carrying via the ages Ma appoint Gouqietousheng. Khabarovsk trial, 25 December 1949 30, Soviet naval court in the coastal military Khabarovsk (We maneuver to acquisition 伕 Gdansk) on the development and the Kwantung Army headquarters site

Museum

Japan's war criminals using bacteriological weapons former commander of the Kwantung Army Yamada B 3, Ryuji Medical Director, Veterinary Director Takashi Takahashi, Benedict, 12 people in a public trial. In 1931, later the Japanese occupation of Northeast China in the Kwantung Army set up code-named 1935 to 1936 among the expansion of Renamed in 1941 for the seventh thirty-one ○ ○ forces and the first troops. Later, in the central and southern China has set up code-named At the trial the informed to confess: To arrange and implement germ warfare, they trained a lot of plague, cholera and other extremely infectious diseases as bacteria, the development of bacteriological weapons. In the development process, in cold blood with the Chinese, Russians and prisoners of war experiment, no less than 3,000 people were killed. And in 1939 in Halakhah River region Sumeng army during the war, 1940, 1941, in Ningbo, China, Changde, etc., used bacteriological weapons. The offense is serious violation of the 1925 Facts of the guilt of the informed, the court sentenced to 25 years in prison Yamada B 3, the remaining 11 war criminals were sentenced to 2 to 25 years. General Command of the establishment known as ※ brackets Staff Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Department of Veterinary Medical Manager of the Department of the Ministry of Justice supply of special intelligence surveillance Intelligence Department of the Ministry of Pok (Manchuria 516 units) Technology construction of water supply department immunization group (the first 659 crews in Manchuria) Part (Manchuria 731) Mudanjiang Branch (Manchuria No. 643 crews) Linkou Branch (Manchuria 162 elements) Sun Wu Branch (Manchuria No. 673 troops) Hella Chelsea Branch (Manchuria first 543 units), Dalian Branch (319 troops in Manchuria) charger prevention Factory (Manchuria 100 units) units belonging to the end of the first wartime Army 3rd Army 5th Army Division 122 Division 134 Division 139 Army Article 3 30 Jun 44 Army 108 Division 136 Division 79 independent mingled brigades independent merged 130 mixed 134 Independent Brigade Brigade 1st Brigade independent tank 17 Army 4th Army Division 119 Regiment 123 Division 149 Division 80 independent miscellaneous brigades independent mixed 131 mixed 135 Independent Brigade Brigade 136th Brigade independent mixed team mainland Railway Railway Railway No. 3 Wing, Wing 2 4 Air Force 15th Aviation Regiment, stand-alone independent pedagogy 101 5th Air Army Flying Corps 13th Division 1 Flight 2 Flight Regiment 8th Flying Corps Flying Corps independent education Flight 105 group 5 served as commander of the regiment and aeronautical communications staff ※ long reiterate are listed in rank subject to the initial class while he took office ※ With the 1), the commander, chief of staff and deputy chief of staff were renamed Total Commander, Chief of Staff and Deputy Chief of Staff General. Small Ichiro Tachibana served as Lieutenant Commander (1919 - 1921) will be speaking Kawai (1921 - 1922) will be the end of wild letters (1922 - 1923) will be white  Yoshinori (1923 - 1926 ) Muto Lutheran general (1926 - 1927) Muraoka Taro will be long (1927 - 1929) - Taro Huanggutun event will be British (1929 - 1930) Ling will shear Long (1930 - 1931 ) The village complicated will be (1931 - 1932) Lutheran Muto general Mukden Incident (1932 - 1933) Japan recognizes the Jiro general (1934 - 1936) Ueda Kenkichi general (1936 - 1939) Marco Polo Bridge Incident Umezu Yoshijiro general (1939 - 1944) Kwantung Army Yamada B upgraded to three the absolute (1944 - 1945) while the chief commander of the Japanese surrender, behind being taken into custody, the Soviet Red Army Khabarovsk trial. Served as chief of staff shoreface and help the Major General (Roth 4: April 12, 1919 - March 11, 1921) Fukuhara good chai, Major General (Roth 5: March 11, 1921 - August 6, 1923)  field Meiji Major General (Roth 10: August 6, 1923 - December 2, 1925)

Kwantung Army commander

rattan Constant Major General (Roth 10: December 2, 1925 ~ 1928 August 10) Miyake, Koji, Major General (Roth 13 August 10, 1928 - April 11, 1932) Hashimoto Toranosuke Major General (Roth 14 April 11, 1932 - August 8, 1932) Koiso Kuniaki in ambition (Roth 12 August 8, 1932 - March 5, 1934) West End life made Lieutenant (Roth 14 March 5, 1934 - March 23, 1936) Itagaki Seishiro Major General (Roth 16 1936 March 23 apt March 1, 1937) Hideki Tojo Lieutenant (Roth 17 March 1, 1937 ~ May 30, 1938) Rocky Valley Rensuke Lieutenant (Roth 16 1938 June 18 Day - September 7, 1939) Rice Village ambition (Roth 21 September 7, 1939 - October 22, 1940) Taro Kimura infantry ambition (Roth 20 October 22, 1940 - April 1941 October) Gibbon Chen a will (Roth 20 April 10, 1941 - August 1, 1942) Kasahara Yukio Lieutenant (Roth 22 August 1, 1942 - April 7, 1945) Qin Yan Saburo Lieutenant (Roth 24: April 7, 1945 - end of the combat) served as agent capital of staff, Yasuji Okamura, Major General (Roth 16: August 8, 1932 - December 10, 1934) Itagaki Seishiro Major General ( Roth 16: December 10, 1934 - March 23, 1936) Imamura were Major General (Roth 19: March 23, 1936 - August 2, 1937) Kasahara Yukio Major General (Roth 22: 1937 August 02 th to September 27, 1937) Ishihara Wan thou Major General (Roth 21: September 27, 1937 - December 5, 1938) Yano sound Saburo Major General (Roth 22: December 1938 5 - September 7, 1939) Endo Saburo Major General (Roth 26: September 7, 1939 - March 9, 1940) Qin Yan Saburo Major General (Roth 24: March 9, 1940 ~ 1942 May 9) Jigang An straight Major General (Roth 25: May 13, 1941 - July 7, 1941) Ayabe orange tree, Major General (Roth 27: July 7, 1941 - July 1, 1942 ) Qin Yan Saburo Major General (Roth 24: July 23, 1941 - July 1, 1942) Ikeda plain antique Major General (Roth 28: July 1, 1942 - July 28, 1945; responsible because the comprehension and policy ) Tin Yi Fu Rear Admiral (Roth 31: August 2, 1943 - February 25, 1945; responsible because the operational deployment) Matsumura know triumphs Rear Admiral (Roth 33: March 1, 1945 - end of the warfare; war activity) Four Hands rice bowl profile the medium of (Roth 27: July 29, 1945 - August 18, 1945; responsible for the intelligence and plan) other staffing senior staff Lesson 1 long ※ Showa 6 October 5 (1931 10 5 March), the term first course long Kashii show one (Roth 6: Taisho 8 April 12 ~ Taisho 8 June 28) Takahashi small vine management (Roth 9: Taisho 8 June 28 ~ Taisho 9 annuals ashore April 1) bamboo woods is 1 (Roth 11: Taisho 9 annuals ashore April 1 ~ Taisho 11 August 15) loose rice bowl seven 伕 (Roth 11: Taisho 11 years above August 15 - Taisho 12 Nov 10) Tin Monday (Roth 14: Taisho 12 years on November 10 - Taisho 15 years on March 2) Kawamoto art (Roth 15: Taisho 15 years on March 2 - 1929 5 14) Itagaki Seishiro (Roth 16: 1929 May 14 - Showa 6 years, 5 October), Ishihara Wan Chelsea (Roth 21: Showa 6 years, 5 October - Showa 7 years on August 8 ) vine Mi smooth also (Roth 19: Showa 7 years on August 8 - Showa 8 years on August 1) Tsukada bombard (Roth 19: Showa 8 August first to 1935 March 15), the village set (Roth 20: 1935 March 15 - 1935 December 2) Osaka West Liang (Roth 23: 1935 December 2 - Showa 12 years on March 1) Ayabe orange tree (Roth 27: Showa 12 years on March 1 - Showa 12 Oct 30) Abe Katsumi (Roth 28: Showa 12 Oct 30 - Showa 14 years March 9) Temple Tianya Xiong (Roth 29 : Showa 14 years March 9 - Showa 14 years, 7 September) have the final (Roth 31: Showa 14 years, September 7 - Showa 15 years October 10) Tin Yi Fu (Roth 31: Showa 15 years October 10 - Showa 18 years on August 2) Matsumura know triumphs (Roth 33: Showa 18 years on August 2 ~ end of the war) actions administrative commander pump glass river junior (Roth 16: Taisho 12 April ~ Taisho 15 March 2001) Battle Mountain Hisayoshi the rank and file (Roth 19: Taisho 15 years on August 6 - Showa 3 years, 10 October), Ishihara Wan Chelsea Koro (Roth 21: Showa 3 years on October 10 ~ Showa 7 August 8) Endo Saburo Koro (Roth 26: Showa 7 years, August 8 - Showa 9 years from 1 August) River Tiger Shiro in the junior (Roth 24: Showa 9 August 1 ~ Showa 10 August 1) Ayabe orange tree Sato (Roth 27: 1935 August 1 - Showa 12 Oct 30) due to staff (Showa 12 October 30 - 1938 March 1) Okabe cumbersome one junior (Roth 31: 1938 March 1 - Showa 14 years March 9) Hattori Cho Shiro in the junior (Roth 34: Showa 14 years March 9 - Showa 14 years, 7 September) Zhongshan source 伕 in junior (Roth 32: Showa 14 years, September 7 - Showa 15 years on August 1) Wu Juqing Taro in the junior (Roth 35: Showa 15 years on August 1 - Showa 18 years on August 2) grass Chen-I in the junior (Roth 39: Showa 18 years on August 2 ~ end of the war) Intelligence Officer Staff Lesson 2 long ※ Showa 16 years October 5 (1941), the term Lesson 2 Tian Wu (Roth 25: Taisho 14 years on August 7 - Showa 3 August 10) Valley of Flowers is (Roth 26: Showa 3 years on August 10 - 1929 Aug) The new rice bowl Marina 伕 (Roth 26: 1929 8 months to Showa 6 years, 5 October) Itagaki Seishiro (Roth 16: Showa 6 years, 5 October - Showa 7 August 8) Kita Seiichi (Roth 19: Showa 7 years, August 8 - Showa 9 August 1st) Ishimoto Yin 3 (Roth 23: Showa 9 years on August 1 - 1935 Aug. 1) River Tiger Shiro (Roth 24: 1935 August 1 - Showa 11 years 6 19) Muto chapter (Roth 25: Showa 11 years June 19 - Showa 12 years on March 1) Wing Christine times (Roth 25: Showa 12 years on March 1 - 1938 March 1 ) hill Road Wu (Roth 30: 1938 March 1 - Showa 14 April 20) Isomura Wu Liang (30: Showa 14 years April 20 - Showa 15 years, November 9) Nishimura Toshio (Roth 32: Showa 16 years, 4 February - Showa 17 August 20) Takeda function (Roth 34: Showa 17 years August 20 - Showa 19 Oct 31) Dai Viet and two (Roth 36 Period: Showa 19 Oct 31 - Showa 20 April 10) superficial Tiansan Lang (Roth 36: Showa 20 April 10 - Japan announced its surrender) back the administrative officer Lesson 3 long ※ Showa 16 October 05 Day (1941), the term 3 Division, Takeshita averaging explicit (Roth 23: Showa 6 years, 5 October - Showa 7 August 8) of the aboriginal Tianxiong Ji (Roth 22: Showa 7 years, 8 August - Showa 10 August 1) Wing chun Zuo proportion (Roth 23: 1935 August 1 - Showa 11 March 15) Takeshita averaging clear (Roth 23: Showa 11 years March 15 - Showa 12 years October 13) Rocky vector Goro (Roth 29: Showa 14 years April 20 - Showa 15 years on August 1) Aoki a (Roth 33: Showa 15 years on August 1 - Showa 16 years September 11 ) village Jia Erlang (Roth 33: Showa 16 September 11 ~ Showa 18 years on August 2) Nakajima Yoshio (Roth 36: Showa 18 years on August 2 - Showa 19 years, 7 February) Valley rock (Roth 37: Showa 20 January 12 - Japan announced its surrender) the plan adviser of the General Staff Lesson 4 long ※ Showa 16 October 05 date for the 4th Division, loose rice bowl for also long Lang (Roth 22: Showa 6 10 January 5 - Showa 7 Feb 17) Kosaka Tianyi Lang (Roth 21: Showa 7 February 17 to Showa 8 August 28) Akiyama Elan (Roth 24: Showa 8 8 28 ~ Showa 9 years from 1 August) due to staff (Showa 9 August 1 ~ Showa 12 years on March 1) Katakura heartfelt Koro (Roth 31: Showa 12 years on March 1 - Showa 14 years on August 1)  state aids in the junior (Roth 32: Showa 14 years on August 1 - Showa 17 February 14) a small tail philosophy 3 junior (Roth 34: Showa 17 years February 14 - Showa 19 October 14) of the original Good Shiro in the junior (Roth 40: Showa 19 10 14 ~ Showa 20, August 7) ​​Miyamoto Etsuo Colonel (Roth 38: Showa 20, August 7 ~ end of the war) manager Minister Sano will be assisted: Accounting and Director (Showa 5 December 22 - Showa 8 years on August 1) Suzuki Xiongtai Lang: First, Accounting is (Showa 8 years on August 1 - Showa 11 years Dec. 1) Yabe Junji: Accounting and monitor (Showa 11 years on December 1 - Showa 14 years on August 1) Furuno nice weapons: Accounting and Major General (Showa 14 years on August 1 - Showa 20, July 5) Kurihashi Yasumasa: Accounting and Lieutenant General (Showa 20 years July 5 -) Military Minister Ito Kenzo: Medical Monitoring (Showa 6 August 1 ~ Showa 9 years, 5 March) rice bowl Zhen Ji: Medical Monitoring (Showa 9 years, 5 March - 1935 August 1) Stone Daisuke: Medical Monitoring (1935 - August 1, Showa 11 years on August 1) the rice bowl Soon III: Medical Director (Showa 11 years ~ August 1, 1938 March 1) vine dry city: Medical Major General (1938 March 1 - Showa 14 years Dec. 1) Otsuka Long II: Medical Major General (Showa 14 years Dec. 1 ~) Ministry of Justice heaved mountain Fumio (1929, June 21 Japan - Showa 7 Dec 19) Bamboo d a (Showa 7 12 19 ~?) Sakamoto Chun-Ping (1938 January 20 - Showa 15 March 29) Matsumoto Japanese Fumio: Legal Major General (Showa 15 March 29 - Showa 20 April 20) Kobata pass: Legal Major General (Showa 20 April 20 to end of the war) supply monitoring ※ Showa 17 years October 20 (1941 10 20) New afford monitoring, supervision at the Ministry of capital of staff, capital of staff part-time supply of tall Tian Qingxiu Colonel (Roth 29: Showa 17 years October 20 - Showa 18 years on August 2), Major General Tin Yi Fu (Lu Shi 31: Showa 18 years on August 2 - Showa 19 years, 25 February), Major General Jay Sato (Roth 29: Showa 19 February 25 - end of the war) Special Intelligence Minister ※ 1938 August 1, set up a Ministry of Information, ※ Showa 16 years May 15, accustomed for the Special Intelligence Division ※ Showa 19 years June 30, adapted for the special intelligence team Okubo Chun Jiro Colonel (Roth 24: 1938 August 1 - Showa 17 years on August 1 ) deep Hori travel Rear Admiral (Roth 28: Showa 17 years on August 1 - Showa 18 June 10) Komatsu had three masculine Colonel (Roth 29: Showa 18 years June 10 - end of the war) fortification Minister (engineering Minister) ※ When the production is phoned the Kwantung Army General Staff Division 2 ※ Showa 16 years May 31, adapted for the establishing of a town ministry (engineering ministry) ※ Showa 20 years May 25, adapted for the construction group is Colonel Maeda (Roth 25: Showa 12 years July 5 - 1938 Feb. 1) Kawada late Saburo Colonel (Roth 28: 1938 February 1 - Showa 17 August 10) Kubo Zhen three major common (Roth 28 Period: Showa 17 years August 10 - Showa 18 June 10) took rice bowl to Beijing to aid the Colonel (Roth 32: Showa 19 years July 15 - end of the war) of Pok Minister ※ Showa 14 years on August 1 from the original technology independently of Katsumura Fu Shinjiro Colonel (Roth 27: Showa 14 years on August 1 - Showa 14 years on November 1) Small Liujin Zheng Xiong Colonel (Roth 28: Showa 14 years on November 1 - Showa 15 years Dec. 2 days) Miyamoto explicit a Colonel (Roth 29: Showa 15 years Dec. 2 - Showa 18 January 18) Mountain Masao Major General (Roth 28: Showa 18 January 18 - Showa 19 June 20 daytime) Akiyama Kim Major General (Roth 30: Showa 19 years June 20 - Showa 20, July 28) Niwa Toshio Colonel (Roth 34: Showa 20 years July 28 - end of the war) prevention Water Minister ※ Participation Zhao, Showa 15 years March 9 - Showa 17 years on July 1) If the song has Jiro: Veterinary Colonel (Showa 17 years July 1 - end of the war) the 1st continental railroad ※ only with the Kwantung Army administrator Field administrator Railway ※ Showa 19 years post December 16, renamed the Continental Railway officer Major General gigolo (Roth 19: Showa 12 August 20 to 14 years of Showa, 9 March) will be lea Tatsumi (Roth 20: Showa 14 years March 9 - Showa 15 years on October 1) will Shigeo Yokoyama (Roth 24: Showa 15 years - October 1, Showa 17 June 26) will Kimura (Roth 23 Period: Showa 17 August 31 - Showa 18 years Dec. 27) Tian Quan a Major General (Roth 29: Showa 18 years Dec. 27 - Showa 19 Dec 16) lea Tatsumi Lieutenant (Roth 20: Showa 19 Dec 16 ~ end of the war) aggression of brutality-year-old daughter and mommy Japanese secondhand poison gas to mollify the appal the Northeast, parts of the Kwantung Army set up in the Northeast inhumane correction families, by the time the suspected crime have been locked in correct hospital. As the harsh alive conditions, labor-intensive, a large digit of Chinese people died in the correction of the yard. Back in the 1920s, Japan proposed the fascist conquest of China with the mind of ​​bacteriological weapons.

Plato

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Plato Plato (Plato, Πλάτων, about 427 years ago - before 347 years), the great philosophers of ancient Greece, but also all of Western philosophy and the entire Western culture's greatest philosopher and thinkers, he and his teacher Socrates, Aristotle and students as the three ancient Greek philosophers. There are other concepts include: Platonism, Platonic love, economics, charts and other means.

Chinese name: Plato's Foreign Name: Πλ? Των nationality: birthplace of ancient Greece: Greece Date of Birth: 427 BC Date of death: 347 years BC Occupation: philosopher, thinker main achievements: Plato Platonic doctrine
love English translation: Plato

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resume the life of the family environment, people thought the source of academic life during 28 years of personal growth chronology: comparison of Confucius Study Tour for 12 years (before 551-479) major works works works in three stages of thinking and view profile political and ideological education, the ideological concept profiled his views on love Pythagorean influence the thinking of Plato and Aristotle more impact on future generations the concept of the status of other famous individuals Plato Platonic doctrine of the origin of the name of love CV: Plato's original 名阿里斯托勒斯 (Aristocles), but why was renamed the Traced back to its source, Aristo Naples infancy physically strong, broad shoulders breast breadth. Therefore, physical education teacher for him to take the Later, continue to use Plato's name is down, popular as yet.

Su's death, he traveled the Quartet, has been to Egypt, Asia Minor and southern Italy to agree in political activities in an attempt to fulfil his political ideals of the nobility. Year 387 BC, fled after the failure of Athens, in a called Aka Demi (Academy) to set up near a amusements college, then coached for 40 years until his death. Published extensively in his life, and its converge on educating thinking, Objective idealism of Plato is the founder of the West, its philosophy is mysterious, especially its impact on instructing thinking. Plato believed that the world by the The concept of the existence of the world is real, eternal, and human senses come into adjoin with the real world, only the faint shadow of the concept of the world, it is composed by the phenomenon, and each phenomenon is due to ingredients such as time and space showed temporary changes in other functions. Proceeding from this, Plato proposes a theory of ideas and memories that epistemology and theory of instructing as its philosophical basis. Plato believed that all human knowledge by aptitude from, it manner there is latent in the human soul. Therefore, knowledge is not the feeling of the material world, but the concept of the world's memories. Teaching purpose is to restore the inherent knowledge. Teaching process that is In education, Plato's emphasis on the general general knowledge, special attention to students' thinking abilities, that the concept of truth is the product of pure thought. He was also through the world of ideas that the students are in the shadow of the phenomenal world was competent to recall the concept of the world, recognize the feeling in the understanding of provocation. His early education with special emphasis on the role of children and the surroundings. That at an early age children are exposed to things he has a permanent achieve on the teaching process should be inspired by specific emotional things, causing students to recall, through reflection and thinking, re-emerged in the soul inherent in the concept of knowledge. In this regard, understanding of Plato's teaching is a transcendentalism. Plato's teaching system is a pyramid. In order to develop rational, he set up a full and rich curriculum, his psychological characteristics of students based on age, divided into several stages, and were allowed to different teaching subjects. 0-3-year-old children were in child attention are in attention. 3 to 6 year-old children in the playground for stories, games, singing and other activities. 6 years of age, children enter primary school to primary courses. In the teaching content, Plato preferred the Athens gymnastics exercise, to improve the soul melody of the harmonious development of educational thought, a uncomplicated preparation for the children to peruse, jot, calculate, sing, and also attaches great importance to education programs such as gymnastics, sports . 17 a 20-year-old youth ascend to the National's 20 to 30 years age, cautiously selected, for 10 years, science education, focusing on the development of thinking capabilities of youth people, proceed to learn the 30 years later, after beyond culling, five-year study, the main research philosophy. At this point, forming a relatively complete pyramid Plato's teaching system. According to its purpose of teaching, the development of Parkinson's digestion and wise 'three arts' and Sparta's naval sports programs, and summarizes the Athens

Plato (7) of teaching experience in education in the history of the first time a Plato believed that each penalty has its unique features, all have learned, all will endow to character development. Before the age of 17, a broad and comprehensive subject matter in order to develop the general literacy of citizens, and for the future of the philosopher is cared, the antecedent study of the dialectics of discipline are important knowledge to prepare. Grammar and rhetoric is the study of philosophy based; arithmetic is to train a person's analytical and thinking skills: learning geometry, astronomy, for sailor, war march, observed air, the universe is very important; learning music is to foster the brave and noble infantry moral character. Meanwhile, he also accompanied importance to select and refine a diversity of materials, such as language, stories, myths, epics, etc., to encounter the requirements of morality, to promote children's mental development. On teaching theory, Plato studied under Socrates and reply method, the recall of existing knowledge in the process as a process of teaching and inspiration. He opposes the use of coercive means to impart knowledge, to promote through the question and question form, query questions, exposing contradictions, and then analyze, brief, synthesize, justice, the ultimate conclusion. Rational training is the main features of Plato's teaching ideas. In the teaching process, always based on the development of Plato's thinking ability of students to the ultimate goal. In the The role of sensory understanding of the phenomenon is limited, and can not be a tool to get ideas. Therefore, teachers must guide students to gather thoughts, learning thinking combined, from a concept to another concept, and finally return to the concept. Teachers should be good points enlightenment, inspiration, guidance to students into this realm, so that they This Socratic midwifery with the same purpose.

Plato

Plato's teaching ideas related to the field of teaching in almost all the important ways. He first established the basic division of psychology, and make closely linked with teaching. He inherited and developed the basis of age, is distinguished by Sparta stages of teaching the theory of teaching, the teaching of specific content, forms, methods and means are more summed up the experience with the use of Athens, made a comprehensive and harmonious development curriculum. He attaches great importance to the development of the students in the teaching of thinking skills, accentuate the nature of things, these educators gave future generations with great influence and inspiration. However, the rational development of Plato amplified the significance of the teaching. He claimed that through meditation memories and knowledge of the teaching process, reflecting its leadership of knowledge to understand the idealistic tendency. In particular, he put a rational absolute, isolated, so that opposition between feeling and rational thinking, which became the medieval dogmatic teaching methods were the theoretical basis. He had a famous saying: do not know their own ignorance, but ignorance of the double. Person's life is generally speculated that Plato was born the family environment should be in the year 427 BC or 428 years before the May or December (as in other early Western philosophers, his birth date is still nameless). Plato was born in a relatively millionaire aristocratic family, his father Ali Stone (Ariston), the mother is 克里提俄涅 (Perictione), his fourth of the home. His family claim to be descendants of the ancient chief of Athens, Athens, he was also the renowned politicians Currie Iglesias (Critias)'s nephew, but the relationship between the two is still controversial. Eugen Nila Er according to the first mend was to say, Plato's formerly known as 亚里斯多克勒斯 (Aristokles), and later because of his strong body and is known as Plato (in Greek, Platus a the word is But Diogenes has filed other claims, the name of Plato may be flowing from his broad (platutês) fluency, or because he has a broad forehead. As Plato peerless learning ability and other talents, the ancient Greeks also praised him as the son of Apollo, and said Plato was an baby when the bees had stuck in his lips, will make his eloquence so sweet smooth. Academic life

Plato

Plato originally planned to inherit the home institution in politics, but then circumstances change. In the war with Sparta, Athens lost democracy, then In 399 BC, Socrates tried and sentenced to death, Plato on the existing form of administration completely disappointed, and began traveled in Italy, Sicily, Egypt, Cyrene and other areas to seek knowledge. In forty years of age (approximately BC 387), he concluded tumble behind to Athens, and in the northwest of the divine metropolis outside Athens Aka Demi founded his own computer - Aka Demi Academy (Academy), Academy Western civilization has become the first complete organization of creations of higher learning for the future of the institutions of higher learning, accordingly the name, but also the Middle Ages in the West amplified the predecessor of the University. Aka Demi is located in a legendary Greek hero who Akkadian Holmes (Academus) homes on the land, and accordingly this name. College existed for 900 years until 529 AD, Emperor Justinian, was closed. Greatly influenced by the Pythagorean School, curriculum similar to the Pythagorean tradition of topics, including arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and acoustics. It is said that Plato in the Academy created the stop entry monument: College has trained many intellectuals, one of the most outstanding of Aristotle. Thinking outside sources in counting to Homer, Plato also by many writers and thinkers that before the impact, including the Pythagorean concept of the mind or logical basis for judging everything; Parmenides's correlates to all things that may affect the Platonic theory the concept of the soul. Period of 28 years of personal growth chronology:

Plato

427 BC, Plato was born (the first year of the Olympic 88th), prestigious family background, this year of the Peloponnesian War broke out after 4 years, the second year after the death of Pericles, Socrates, 42 years old (the years Xixililai Weng Platini (Leontini) state who Gorgias to Athens for help, told Syracuse aggression of their state). In 423 BC, 4 years old, Aristophanes 421 BC, was 6 years old, is said to be In 420 BC,0677.org, seven years into the Dionysus schools, literacy, listening to Homer and other verse. 411 BC 16 years, Protagoras was accused of 400 people who do not believe in human Assembly of God, escaped from Athens, in Sicily on the way to the victims (before this philosopher persecution or expulsion, death, or voluntary exile there Anaxagoras, Pythagoras, Heraclitus). Been estimated to 409-404 BC cavalry duty, is said to have partook in three wars. High-Gorgias 408 BC 93rd Olympiad in a lecture on the Games, Athens and Sparta called to knit against Persia. 407 BC Socrates was 20 years old to learn to follow after the end of Lu had carat learning philosophy of Heraclitus; Nepalese to study the root Rakhmonov Parmenides philosophy. Said to have wanted to write melodramas, to the Socratic view, be rejected. 405 BC category 拉古狄奥尼 Soss overturn democracy and establish dictator regime. 23 404 BC, the Peloponnesian War, Athens 30 Tyrants, Plato was to politics, after the disappointment. 28 399 BC, Socrates trial (Plato present) and was killed, died due to ailment is not (too sad?). Study Tour in 12 years, 398 BC Socrates, Plato and other disciples have left the asylum to the field in Athens, went to Sicily, Italy, Egypt. In 392 BC, 35 years old, in this period, the early writing dialogue: . Isocrates in Athens school garden to teach oratory. In 390 BC, visit: Pythagoras control regimes and so on. In 388 BC, visit assortment 拉古狄奥尼 Soss I, met his sibling in law (son) Dion (Dion when 20 years old), a close friend, (this is said to have offended during the Tyrants is sold into slave by Anne homes Rees ransom). Third, the speech was 20 years 387 BC, aged 40, returned to Athens and began individual lectures, or that the academy was established, before and after writing the dialogue: Sri Lanka chapter. And mid-book: BC 385 years (see Chen table: Socrates case vindicated: the death of an accused person, stand statues of Socrates, but not necessarily true. And Tao 1938 to Athens to visit Shi Lao, take five minutes to show respect, and verse, 43 years old 384 years BC, Aristotle Health,garethswebsite, Demo Siti Ni students. About 380 BC In these years, in the northwestern outskirts of Athens, pottery establishment of the zone academy. dead, said Plato wanted to purchase his books flamed. Fourth, the political attempts in his later years and the last speech, writing: 20 years (or can be further divided into two sections: politics, writing) 60 years 367 BC, the Academy disburse Ouduokesuo chair, with his disciples and friends, second to Syracuse, when the old Dionysus died, Dion regent, then Plato has a reputation outside of Greece and Aristotle to Athens to learn (it is said about the good, Aristotle remaining one to hear to) 366 BC Dionysus II to the king, Dion run, Plato sense of wastage left Syracuse. 64 BC 363 the third to Syracuse, withheld, ejected. 357 BC, the age of 70 years, to give up political movement, the full writings, late works are: wise, politicians, Feili Bu, Timaeus. BC 356 years Alexander the Great was born. 348 BC, the last book is years of old age: the valid papers, Iraqi bi Naomi treatises outcome, just getting treatises that died. 347 BC in the spring (March?), wills of real possession for school, not granted sold, transferred. leaving four slaves, the release of a slavery, attribute seldom. 344-343 BC Dionysus II was finally overthrown, Aristotle, Alexander teachers both. more Confucius (before 551 - 479) 15-30 years old, the beginning of Shi Lu, a small government, Sikou, politics period: 4 years, 55-68 years old, traveling time: 14 years 69-73 years old age sorting ancient books: the writings of five years, three stages of major works of Plato's writings can be divided into three stages: 1 Early stage, He handed down the name of the book more than 40 articles and another 13 letters. Plato's philosophy is the main form of dialogue written down in Plato's dialogues, Socrates is a lot of the name of the conversations, so it is difficult to differentiate between what is thought of Socrates, which is Plato's thought. After generations of later scholars of painstaking research, including 24 letters and four were identified as genuine, are: I home chapter Gorgias, that is the later works of Wei Tuo: chart books are mostly written in the genre of dialogue, distinctive character, scene brisk and interesting, brilliant and beautiful language, argumentation rigorous and detailed, content rich and profound, to philosophy and literature, logic and rhetoric of the high degree of unity, not only in philosophy but also In the literature also of great significance and value of the currently widely used is the to be able to have a universal, must include a theory about nature and the universe, including Plato tried to grasp the personal and eternal truth of nature, and accordingly the development of a subordinate for his political views and theological insights natural philosophy of Plato that the tangible things in nature are mobile, but these actual substances constitute the We do not mean any nag, but that any kind of horse, meantime the But a one specific, tangible, present in the sensory world of the horse, but it is that we are changing, the flow of things, there can be no true understanding, we are only opinions and views, the only thing we can really understand, and only those we can use our intellect to understand the concept. explain the theory of ideas: a team of prisoners in a cave, their hands and feet were knotted, the body can not turn approximately, only back to the aperture they have in front of a wall of pearly wall, a fire burning backward them in that side walls white they see between themselves and the fire back the shadow of things, because they do not see any other things, that the shadow of these inmates is the real thing. Finally, a crash the chains, and worked out a hole, he first saw the real thing, he tried to return to the cave and explain to other people, the shadows is just unreal things, they clarify the light to road, but for those prisoners, the man seems to escape before he is more than fatuous to demand that he, in addition to shadows on the wall, the world no other things. Plato used the anecdote to tell us, can feel nothing but white shadows on the wall that only our natural world than the clear-cut reason, it is dingy and monotonous. do not understand the philosophy of those who can see only shadows, while philosophers In truth, the sun see the outer things, but on the other hand, Plato compared the sun of justice and truth, stressing that we see the sun is the sun , is only visible external declarations, but its core is ineffable. Plato's to rule. Plato's ideal state in defending the citizens into persons, soldiers and ordinary people in three classes. is a small number of defending those who administer the country's elite, they can be inherited, but other classes can also be good children be trained to protect the country who, while defending the offsprings who may also be reduced to ordinary people in the class. The mission of defending the country code is to monitor the development and implementation. for this purpose has a complete set of Platonic theory his ideal state requires everyone in the community has its special features to meet the needs of society as a whole, but in this country, women and men have the same rights, there is full equality. the government can order the public interest lies. everyone should do their share of things and should not afflict others. In this view, Plato described the ideal state is a horrible totalitarian state, but the with the correct way to manage the country's scientists point of view, Utopia's the best country. In the book he also pointed out that women and men should be equally respected and training. Plato's attempt to make astronomy as a department of mathematics, he said: ask questions and solve problems by to study, and never mind the astral sky. the universe from the muddle to become well-ordered, its most important feature is the Creator of the world to develop a rational plan; on the mechanical process of program implementation, it is a natural event for granted. Plato's conception of the universe is basically is a mathematical view of the universe, he envisioned the beginning of the universe, there are two right-angled triangle, a square is half the other is half of an equilateral triangle from the triangle to give birth to four kinds of regular polyhedron reasonable real possession, which is composed of four elements of the molecules of fire is tetrahedral particles, gas particles are octahedral, water particles are icosahedral, soil particles are cubes. fifth normal polyhedron is formed by a normal pentagon dodecahedron, which is composed of the sky substances in the fifth element called ether. the plenary universe is a sphere, because the pellet is symmetrical and perfect, the sphere is the same at any point the universe is living, activity, there is a soul fraught all the space the universe of motion is a circular film, circuitous motion because it is the most complete, without hands or feet to shove. Each of the four elements among the number of elements in the universe is this: the fire of the gas is equal to the ratio of gas the ratio of water to the soil and water ratio. a number of things can be used to naming, this number is the ratio of the performance elements they embody. political thought in the picture: country of temperate size, with panoramic view of the country can stand on a altitude the city, people know each other's face for the degree. Plato argued that the state originated in the division of fatigue, which he divided into ideal citizens of the country's rulers, warrior, three grades of laborers, representing wisdom, prowess and desire to three kinds of character. the country who rely on their own wisdom and moral strength of philosophical rule the country; warrior who supported the country with allegiance and courage to justify the country's security; workers are cater material for the national information three levels perform their duties, the security of their place in this country, the country is caught respected philosopher, philosophers can only understand the concept, with perfect wisdom, virtue and splendid , to understand where the justice, along to rational guidelines to govern the country fairly. rulers and warriors and families without personal attribute, because personal property and the family is the basis of all evil selfishness. workers are not allowed to have elegance items. Utopia also attaches great importance to education because the quality and character of the merits of the state's good or bad. Plato even envisaged in the early days put all people over the age of 10 sent overseas, because they have been old culture, he argued, it is difficult to change. starting from childhood all citizens must accept the music, sports, mathematics, philosophy of life to the education educational content to all over strict selection, Homer, Hesiod's epic and tragic poets of the works, will be granted to pass the boundary, because they would poison young minds. Plato alleged it was combat, the military regime (Timocracy) followed the heave. the military regimes of the few who hold power and wealth, the formation of oligarchy (Oligarchy). leads to sharp contradictions between rich and poor people's revolution, resulting in democracy (Democracy). democracy will be developed to the extreme when the tyrant regime (Tyranny) replaced. ancient political practice setbacks, the period of ideological change. discusses the role of law and the law as a standard category system of government, he believes that true statesman (philosopher-king) without the rule of law, but the reality is highly rare in real politicians, real politicians, even now there is, there are still some lawful role, because politics is not just an masterpiece, is a science. the law for politicians, like the coaches and training programs for doctors and prescriptions, as though the law is absurd in theory, in practice it is needful. Park Latour in their final work, He accented that human beings must have a legal and obey with the law, otherwise their lives will be favor the most savage animals in this thought, in 12 volumes of his the city, including geography, territory size, population size and source of national economy life, class building, political system, legal rules due to changes in the guiding ideology, the second city with such good justice of the state than in the specific amounts are very different. are: the political system by the wise philosopher-king verdict regime to merged form of government, to prevent the personal exercise of power. public repast, the public education system, Plato's view of the history of Western education, or the first full pre-made ideas and establish a complete education system of the people. Plato began to engage in education and research activities in middle-aged, who from the first idea of ​​the existence of material and philosophical idea, emphasis in their education system, a rational exercise in which he asked children aged 3 to 6 will be subject to the nanny's care, will be set in the countryside temple, the game, listening to stories and fairy anecdotes. Plato that these have very great educational value. 7 years of age, children begin to learn the necessitated knowledge and military skills, including reading, writing and arithmetic, horse riding, spears, archery, etc. from 20 to 30 years old, those abstract thinking performance special interest of the students will continue their studies, learning arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and acoustics with other disciplines, in order to exercise his ability to think, so he began to browse the wonders of the universe. Plato pointed out that every discipline of significance for the development of abstract thinking He advocated the future potentate of 30 years of age, to further study of dialectics, to sagacity into the world of ideas. After five years, he can become a philosopher-king verdict the country in his slavery education system, sports capture important position. Plato also attaches great importance to women's sports, he said: troops deployed to fight the enemy, they will be able to safeguard the children and the City means of education and health of patients and he was there in Athens and the doctrine of competitive athletic vocation had given the proclivity of violent aggressions, but also denounced the idea of ​​sports public disdain and viewpoint, he advocated the development of physical and mental harmony, stressing that Music cultivate the soul. Plato played for future generations, especially the impact is distant greater. Plato's books to the jaws of his teacher Socrates expressed that when the mind and body must be refused when the longing for the truth, then the idea is the most good and when the soul is the body of the sin of the infection, the pursuit of truth and the desire to not be met in Europe, very early on was we Chinese call This combination of physical love that is pure is not polluted, that love and passion are the two states against each other, so when a person truly in love, he thought to be impossible with the physical with the object of his love in today's people's view, Plato's concept of amazing love, while an American scholars paid people today understand that Plato's concept of love, put forward new ideas. President of the United States Institute of Eastern and Western society, love, that is opponents, which is Plato's emphasis on love between men, because Plato believes the stand the test of time, while American sociologists of the , that Plato's view that people love to be sublimated, he said, the live noble men, guiding his action was not blood, not medal, not wealth, but love. the world is no longer an emotional Like love, as people's minds. a love of people in a dishonorable deed, whether made, by his father, friends, or anybody else to see, will not like being seen as his sweetheart, so he suddenly sallow pale, lose anything, unable to face their own love and love themselves. Pythagoreans of Plato traveled to southern Italy, where he met the savant Pythagoras, Later, he seems to have had an impact. The retinue are some of Plato and the Pythagoreans the major common point of view: 1. as the nature of mathematics for all 2. cosmic dualism - the truth (philosophy) and the shadow world 3 composed of the apparent world. transmigration and immortality of the soul 4. interested in the empirical sciences 5. religious mysticism and asceticism and moral ideas of Plato and Aristotle, Aristotle in 17 or 18 more age came to Athens, as Plato's Academy student, he resided there for about 20 years, until Plato's death in 347 BC Plato had a major impact on him, although he eventually Plato philosophical split to form his own philosophy, his philosophy can be said in many ways opposite point of view with Plato taught, not only for Plato's theory of ideas, but also for his political theory: because in a sense , up towards the Platonic philosophy, Aristotle note that many of the specific phenomenon. Plato tried to establish a permanent perfect utopia theory, but Aristotle never examine the existing citizen forms to start, trying to find in these countries to achieve the best form of future generations affect the status of Plato, from any side, the Western literary tradition of writers on one of the most dazzling,

Plato sculpture ( 10) namely likewise the history of philosophy the most perspicacious, wide-ranging and influential writers for a high-status inhabitants of Athens, in his go, he showed at the time of political events and condense on the activities of intellectuals, but he made The problem is at present-reaching clash, he uses the problem solving strategy, is rich of suggestive and inspiring, educated readers of virtually every period, in a way are affected by his influence in almost every epoch has philosophers muse they are in some momentous aspects of Platonism, he is not the 1st an ought use the then knew along his full grip of the philosophy of the subject, is generally believed that the - on the ethical, political, metaphysical, epistemological issues rigid and systematic exam, by a peerless invention cried his means and equipment up, he was so changed the intellectual trend. the history of philosophy only a handful of other writers near apt him on the depth and breadth: Perhaps only Aristotle (and his human with learning), Aquinas and Kant is general accord has the same position. Plato and Aristotle, his students likened, in the West to obtain extra esteem and care because his work is the cornerstone of Western civilization, literature in the various schools of Western philosophy , it is complicated apt detect him not absorb the work of the educate in the later philosophers and Christian theology, Plato's motif to keep a huge radiation, known for the founder of Western philosophy. Some historians believe that the philosophy until modern times, Western philosophy, Plato gradually get rid of the thought control in the 12th century, Aristotle's doctrine of the Holy See has been eliminated, even in Europe is no longer spread the books of Aristotle, when Plato's methodology of dominance, as St. Augustine and the transformation of Plato lent the idea of ​​theological doctrine to serve until the 13th century, Thomas Aquinas secondhand Aristotle's theory of interpretation of religious doctrine, the establishment of heavy and a colossal scholastic philosophy of Aristotle was re-valued. Plato's theory, is the official Republic of China later 1949 that is the idealist, but his role in Western philosophy of the Enlightenment is widely acknowledged, Because of his conspicuous identity and well-respected. notable individuals in quest of a short life eternal, adore is good to bring joy, wisdom, and create surprises, fairy surprise given the lack of love, human ambition to obtain it, with adore people worth cherish it. love, only love tin make people who challenge to love lost their lives; this, not only men can do, but a matron can do. adore for person adore ought not be better than the truth. time with walk bring an end to ...many annuals ambition your appoint, advent, identity, destiny has changed. stalling for time is the best direction to suppress vexed The initial teaching should be a form of distraction, so it is extra likely that a person nativity of love. people can be divided into because 2, a relatively agreeable, a more evil. nice numerous and can stop the evil, that is enough to smoke neutral Sri Lanka, and for the prestige of the United States; set by improper education, or by the wicked, he disputed, reasoned more evil in this division massive, and the Department of the increasing intrusion of good tear, Sri Lanka to our own slaves, and Zhong Jie actors aside its people carry on. good start is half done. the most chaste people are those who have demonstrated the moralities preferably than from the outdoor still satisfied people. good cause for good because he is sapient, why wrong is bad because people are stupid. all wisdom should be a departure from the fair called the cunning, and should not be called sagacity. do not know their own stupidity, but ignorance of the twice. There is nobody more than healthy and happy, however they had not been ill before that it was the greatest happiness we should try to keep the children began to listen some of the stories must have a moral The best lesson the impact of the law is the crystallization of entire person wisdom and wisdom, embodying all social and moral ideas and only the dead penetrate the end of the campaign every daytime narrating myself once again: others do erroneous to penalize themselves and every person is in love poet. Whether you when to start, it is important not to stop after the opening; no stuff what time from the end, it is important not to behind the end of apology, at a time there is positiveness, people will not defeat of other concepts Platonism Platonism (Platonism) is the greatest shock on the history of mathematics philosophy of mathematics, which originated in ancient Greece, Plato, mathematics in the West since sector has been overtly or covertly Platonic concept of the 19th century, it accounted for nearly a rule of mathematics to the 20th century, the algebraic basis of equitable 3 major schools of thought increasingly to calm the controversy, the debate has become a Platonist point of outlook one of the peppery. Platonic fundamental point: the object of mathematics is digit, amount, features, and additional mathematical concepts, and abstract mathematical concepts as general or 'universals' is the objective existence of Plato that they exist in the a special earth of ideas, the afterward Platonist does not approve the and people meditative of everlasting subsistence. mathematician is not a current notion has been created, but the description of this objective; mathematical results are not current inventions, but discoveries. Correspondingly, the mathematical theory of Platonism that The fact is the objective of the variety of neutral existence in the real world appearance of the determination, and this fact is to rely on in order to effect independence in the real world outside the have a considerable impact, some of the large masters of mathematics, such as G. Cantor, Russell, Godel, Bourbaki school basically hold this view is generally considered, so this is not accidental, which is reflected in the objective world mathematics, mathematics with the objective truth of the childish faith in philosophical reflection. and because of this, Plato's doctrine on the historical evolution of mathematics has a affirmative effect: it encourages mathematicians in their research to take one objective and technological position, and when some of the highly abstract mathematical theory could not detect a real model and for the people of the mistrust, it is also possible for people to definite beliefs, notwithstanding this faith is blind, which may guide to errors. Plato's blunder is obvious: to reflect the understanding of the form as an object; the abstract as a characteristic objective; thought a form of thinking is an objective in itself, of course, an objective truth. quit the people's practice to survey truth ambition lead to misdeed. Platonism in philosophy is an objective idealist. conception in the form exists, eternal, and the phenomenon is more than the world is more absolute, or even the only true reality and a absolute thing. The system also includes the idea that the form only by the psyche awareness. Defense of Platonism are: an abstract description of the object language general and the special nature of the object it describes the compare; abstract mathematical objects and there is no doubt the precision of the other. Platonism in the form of the concept in alter locations often have a alter averaging. Such as: the name of a class of things; mathematical objects; normal law and so on. It centered on the concept, including the cosmology of the universe that recollections aspects of epistemology, ethics and social and political outlook for the four cardinal countries of Germany and the ideal theory, aesthetics of the The concept of dialectics, and education theory and so on. Is the first history of philosophy in Europe a huge system of objective idealism, the excellent impact on later Western philosophy. Platonic love, platonic love, to name a Western philosopher Plato spirit of heterosexual love, the pursuance of spiritual communication, exclusion of flesh. Was first proposed by Marsilio Ficino in the 15th century made as Socratic love of synonyms, accustomed to refer to Socrates and his student's love relationship. Plato said: When body and mind have to be refused when the longing for the truth, then the idea is the best. And when the soul is the body of sin by the infection, the pursuance of truth and the desire to not be met. When a male has no lusty demand for the flesh, the idea is peaceful, carnal human ecology in the animal's performance is the nature of each creature, one reason is the so-called higher animals, because human nature, human nature is stronger than beast, the morale of sharing is good, a moral. Platonic love have the following meanings: 1. The ideal type of love (metaphor or impossible to achieve a quite romantic concept of love) 2. Pure morale of love prefer than physical 3 4 gender equivalence concept of love in this world has, and only one person, you (you), she (he) is perfect, and only you (you) sprint is perfect. In other words, whichever one person, the object has its perfect, and only one. The first meaning of the most usually accustom, but is actually a misunderstanding. But since we are so used, will be another meaning. This misconception comes from a famous book of Plato's The book explores how to construct an ideal state, because maybe also idealistic and tough to achieve, so it was a direction to interpret what is platonic love. The second meaning is often used, but basically misconceived. This misunderstanding comes from Plato's metaphysics, he thought that something is real and we watch the so-called The third and fourth meaning it truly is Plato's view of Plato's concept of love or gender that people during his lifetime and after necrosis are the most matter-of-fact concept of the world, where everybody is full of men and women who fit , to this world we all split in two. So people forever feel someone lacking in an attempt to find his Plato also used to unravel why people would In his theory, not which half is more important, so men and women are equal. Moreover, the native concept of the world's your other half is your most perfect object. He / she is elsewhere in the world, and are looking along to you / you. Plato narrated primarily seen in the love of his Which various levels from cheap to tall love, there is deadly love, the love of God is also approximate. First of all, love is the interior prehistoric absences. Plato referred to such a myth: first, there are 3 kinds of people in the world, the sun god represented by a man, Mother Earth on behalf of women, and the moon represent the yin and yang of people. Human faculties and strength are immediately twice. Zeus in mandate to disable the human, the people split in half, two birds with one stone, on the one hand the individual human is only half as strong as the original, the other twice their digit, which can better serve the Protoss. So, mankind has been looking for his Once you find their other half, particularly among two men, then sexual pleasure can not truly get to companion them from the period compared to the great delight and their souls actually seeking some sort of other things, they utter the name to this kind of entity, only with ambiguous words and prophecies tells type of mystery. And all human beings, including all men and women, their happiness is only one way, this is the comprehension of love, by discovery their associate to heal our nature to be split up. Eros Carlos adviser us in this life will find their love, and give us wish for the afterlife. As long as we alarm the gods, then Venus will one daytime remedy our ailment, so that we return to the original state, alive in delight and happiness. Second, Plato's Eros is the impulse towards to the nines in the form of the soul. The soul is the root of love, perfection is the ultimate pursuance of love. In the The fertility reproduction for the purpose of communication is a continuation of low-level pursuit of reincarnation, and the highest level of love is good love can reach the ultimate form of wisdom and philosophy. The human body is mortal, immortal spirit only. A person's symbol more magnificent, want, the greater, because they love is eternal. Pure, noble, to perfection as the supreme goal, the pursuit of wisdom and philosophy of the object of love, immersed in which their relationship will be more solid, their interaction will be more complete than the couple's common admiration, it is because They created something more beauteous than the children of the flesh, to live longer. In this level, the ideal of love is the most important in life, likened with it, asset, lineage, legislature has been nought but clouds of soil corrode. Thirdly, love is the ultimate state of rheology, prettiness and ugliness, love and resentment, ordinary and noble, love is in the middle of two utmost districts. In Plato, Eros is the birth of Carlos took convenience of needy god the god of drunken wealthy chance to near the god of love and beauty Aphrodite and with the combination production. Therefore, he was born needy but full of a appetite to chase a baby. He was born by the two extremes among the poor and stupid his dad, mommy, full, full of wisdom, which determines the route of his life and wisdom must be the corporation of continuing to chase life, as the wisdom of life. He has either wealthy and poor, is restricted and imperfect, but it retains the good and beauty marks. Plato on the way to Glasgow by the end of ignorance Plato believes that this power includes the sensitive, desire, will and consciousness, which is Plato's meaning of the units of love, love, encourage people to produce a desire to pursue happiness. This is a thousand years of logged dialogue enduring beauty. Atlas Atlas portal for more stretched reading: 1

Plato Baidu paste it: http://tieba.baidu.com/ Plato

2

platonic love - Baidu 百科: http://baike.baidu.com/view/26308.htm

Open Category: historical figures, philosophy, thinkers, ancient Greek philosopher I have to amend,

My {afterward} life I {adore} you !

Woman had not crazy, it was a woman 22 years old, very youth. Some say that she looked normal. In that year a woman fell in love with a man, a man 23 years old, looks a morsel sad, very gifted. Valentine hearts of numerous young girls are the standard. Women and men together, just go to go, luncheon destroy, when colleagues like playing cards, a woman does not love to play cards, but women all preoccupy a rank to men, other men afterward the repast, the woman gave way to him.



men have not been cared about women, and women with not limitations, women are kind and considerate, and very few laughs, and men together, yet while it smile. Men do not concern about woman, woman to a man deep in the center of India.

One night, a woman about a man walking, graceful timid to tell a man she likes him. Men sudden shock, and soon the woman politely refused, the men said the woman he loves does not love him, and he who does not love, his heart is dead, now no longer ambition to talk about his friends, to a woman not to come to him.


woman cried all night, go to work, they also shed tears, somehow looked at her colleagues, the men sat blankly. Ji days, the woman still kept crying. Men began to soft-hearted, I can see is a woman love a man. Finally 1 night, a man about a woman out, tell a woman: she does not mind if he does not appropriate in the past, he was willing to attempt to approve her. Woman coincided, gifted laugh. Because the man finally accepted her.



love Aihenjiandan women and men, did not go out together seen the movie, no dinner together on the outdoor, a man very indifferent to her. Happiest when a man and a woman sitting in the creek below the bridge, there is a cow staring at seeing them. Women feel comic. Men alive in unattached dwelling, the laundromat woman to man. Sick men and women in every likely way of Zhao Guzhe him. A woman's birthday, the man forgot, the woman said it does not matter. Birthday men and women give men a nice tie.


second year, marital women and men. Women attach to entities at family are of the rice bowl rice bowl, a man had savory meals at family, watching TV there is hot water bath, clothes women likewise cleaned clean. Men can occasion heart flutter in that year, a man rose manager. A woman has lost a lot.

third year, a woman with a man's child. When a pregnancy of a woman, bent down when washing more tough, but the day still continued. Things at home still administer with the woman. Ten months after, a woman giving birth, the doctor said that for the baby's position also tall to caesarean partition. For children, women Caesarean section to a baby girl, seven pounds when connate. Man's parents want grandchildren. That gave birth to a girl, and have not escape over a woman. No one woman's month of Zhao Gu, her household too distant, can only come once a month. Chicken with some kind of fish. Noisy at night the children, women ought be given to children to urine, breast-feeding. Men are not considerate woman, yard, or a woman washing clothes. Month of a woman did not have a good, prevalent abdominal pain, doctors said came to a basis cause.

very smart and very cute children, a woman voicelessly watching the children grow up, and my heart there is a sweet sensibility. Although the man's indifference to her melancholy, but she still loves men. Because he was her first and last man. But even thou some of the men complained, but after the woman to forgive the man. May never get the treasure in those days, men Ji about ignored the woman's existence.

woman seeing her daughter grow up day by day, listening to her daughter 1st told her mama. Happy to tell men. Her 1st wade, women totter ... ... .... In this course, one instant, his daughter grow up to five years age, a woman took her to the park, cab vehicle event, a woman was knocked passed out. Other woman woke up, Manlianshixue, she first thought of the mind of ​​a child, the child is badly mutilated, to the hospital, the doctor told her child was die. Women fainted. When the woman woke up afresh, his jaws shouting the child's name, a man sat sadly by her side, murmured solace to her. Women cry fainted.

other woman woke up again, his mouth kept whispering, the doctor said that the woman was crazy ... ..

woman to Zhao Gu , a man quit his job to find a transient work day at the peak of the Ji-hour shift, he is not shrieked when a adjoin took care of Zhao, a woman murmured, his mouth still shouting her name. Holding the pillow laugh. Looking at other people's children on the pursue, said it was her child. Men can merely put a woman locked in the house. Woman for a laugh, a cry. But when she saw the child Zhao films, women began to silence down, his hand gently touched the child's face on film Zhao, smiling. Eye revealed a kind of care.

time apt live so slowly, periodically navel of the night, suddenly a female shouted to the baby, sometimes like they well-behaved like a child. Throughout the region are conscious of the mad wife, and some sympathy, pity some people, there are people who equitable looked a joke. Men would have taken a good hereafter. However, his mad wife ruined everything he hates in front of the female. Men began to cigarette drunk liquor, he often drank  town drunk, his temper began to explode Zao.

woman found a man's sense of light alterations. Men smoke heavily, women must take a man not pay attention when quit hiding. Men did not see smoke, it Hewen woman. Hey stupid woman laugh. A man shouted: Obviously frightened woman, huddled in the corner shivering. A man dragging over a woman: Men snatched cigarettes, fierce:

man out of time, a woman still in the habit of washing clothes, always put the child out of clean clothes to wash, she felt the child's nasty clothes to wash. Men's clothes, women's clothes children's clothes still hanging on the outside, gently touched her children's clothes, with the smell of the clothes, the women giggle,

woman sick, The doctor said she survive long. A man smoking a cigarette looking at pain Ku's wife. ... He does not assist the eyes reveal sorrow. His wife is still mad with, but easily tired than before, when he fell asleep much distress. Asleep, when there are tears flowing on the impudence. In mandate to rescue the life of his wife crazy, man sold all the things to sell, and finally had to sell the house, has preserved a woman's life, carried on a woman last breath.

grief Ku woman looked at a man, pointing to the larynx could not talk. Desperately panting, trembling to tell a man to her breath, her pain Ku, a woman's sadness for a man Xinrudaoge, a woman he had never been needy, but today a woman told a man to tears he could not. Really. He told her he did do .... The woman seemed to know his death,8744.org, so no gestures, just difficult panting. Tears are streaming unknowingly.

woman died in the early hours the next day, when men nap, when the man woke up, a woman nestled in the arms of a man died, his face left with tears. Uphold the mattress to put a man found a letter that read:


dear husband 伕 (pro-Kai)
; inscribed the name was really a woman!



man pressing open letter, a woman gets in the eyes explicit and clean publish fonts. However, awareness of her own husband 伕 tears to jot some words.



dear husband 伕:



tears you write these words, I know I dying, tonight I seem to wake up suddenly, maybe back to the light anti-Zhao, possibly God have mercy on me, give me one last contingency to say goodbye to you. I still remember our children, I remember she told him * that moment, you know? At that moment I actually shed tears. I vaguely goes sanguinary face, why is God so bloody to her, so cruel to me. She must be very lonely in the ground, no one Zhao Gu, she was waiting for me, I must accompany her, Zhao Gu her.



伕 dear husband, thank you for giving me a home, give me a child, I completed the excursion of a woman. While it has been since you did not just say I love you, but I love you, from beginning to end, I love you. I reside with you through the day there are Ku, you do not properly caring me, love me. I thought I would wait till that day until the day you say you love me, but I can not await for the. Dear husband 伕, you are my first and last man. When I leave this world, you will always be my man.



伕 darling husband, thank you for everything I do is I tug you. I'm apologetic. I go,communltd.net, you fend for themselves Zhao good. I memorize often changing clothes, fewer smoking. That is morbid. I go, I'm apologetic, I have not been skillful to attach you through the last time.


past lives
your dreams I dream the dream God gave us

such a dream once in a lifetime
we life ambition not be awakened from the nightmare


God gave a frame
go
to detect your pleasure go < br> open heaven's door
frightened, like fallen leaves nigh forever




extensive earth where ferocious winds

rain leaves the soil lukewarm in the face


horizon without a track of light
look to the day when the road
; heavy rain separated along a vaguely wash gate
days go, to find your happiness go
go ... ... ... ....
go ... ... ... ....

伕 dear husband, I finally kissed gently on your face, it is loving but long kiss. Let Ku years of tears burst along at the moment. I go, I will look at the underground Zhao good of our children, do not anxiety.





you ever woman



man cry, the first cry so sad, he died in my weapon loving wife. Recall the bitterness of the past a woman, think behind to a good woman. Drops of tears fell above a woman and a thin sallow face ... ....


Man buried a woman. Buried in the kid together. He Changgui in a woman's grave, his eyes red from crying, stroking his wife's tombstone: adore, but I can no longer fulfill his prerequisite of a husband 伕 quondam wrong I tell you, I feel embarrassed immediately to muse of it and immediately I understand how much the cold. life owe you everything, let me repay the afterlife you, whether you remember me afterward life. my wife, I love you and you listen it? I love you, ah ... ... ... ... ....


woman became deaf. Past, life, afterlife. Next life if I remember you, amuse let me Zhao good care of you, love you forever, right?

Tianjin Quangyechang

Help edit Baike card Quangyechang

Tianjin Tianjin Heping District, Riverside Dao Jiaokou Quangyechang in the central business district, was built in 1928. 7-storey building, 33 meters, construction area of ​​24,000 square meters of business area of ​​17,300 square meters, was the largest in Tianjin, a mall, but also a set of commercial, entertainment in one of the largest business district, Tianjin commercial character. Tianjin is immediately one of the three major retail division stores, shopping is one of the top ten notable. Operate up to 30,000 kinds of varieties of goods, goods channels throughout the nation, known for Commodity complete known.

directory

About the brand origin of the shopping mall opening of the architectural features of the eight-day overview of the history of the old theater days exposed Tea House Temple Court, God Bless the new eight-day every day, Wei Wei Billiards Club Bowling Club Tianwaitian roof Night Garden brand development brand culture, brand Memorabilia business leaders honor the origin of the company founder, Tianjin Quangyechang high Starbridge (1881-1948), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, a blacksmith born, intelligent, studious childhood. Jingjing was the early 20th centenary coal mines Secretary Handicappers Zhili, head of the mine by the Germans Hanneken appreciated, he served as sales of coal at the mine Tsubo

old buildings in the atrium

manager, re-election years, beginning to have savings, first build in the eastern countryside bungalow Mong Road, one thousand, emulating the north door where do Huachang Gold, from Tianjin in 1920 and also do shopping. As the commercial center of Tianjin gradually shook south, high Starbridge after a period of learn, elected the French Concession Road 21, an open space. At that time, the two corners of this piece of open space has been built the building, completed in 1925 north of National Commercial Bank; south is completed in 1926, the benefits of the hotel; a few entities dispersed on both sides of the low hut; middle Tianxiang selling line of stock market, piled scrap lumber, furniture and building materials favor dirt. High Starbridge perceiving, was convinced that here in the future will be a great development, then the aspiration and bravery, money in one hundred and four thousand taels of silver from the hands of farmers to buy British first got this area of ​​half mu of land. Purchase of land after the signing of the compact by the French Industry Bureau, high Starbridge spent twelve thousand of silver to hire the According to design drawings, prefatory estimates, capital necessary to build this mall million over the ocean, with high Starbridge at the time and fiscal resources, difficulties, after beyond reflection, he resolved to set up shares of joint-stock companies set to build. High Starbridge removed Trustee, has done many to persuade the Prince set-up has become a festival Quangyechang two shareholders, adding three, that is $ 300,000, set-up to the mall named DKB About Tianjin Quangyechang was founded in 1928. Today, more than 80-year-old Tianjin Quangyechang since 1992 by the restructuring of state-owned enterprises into joint-stock companies to founder

Quangyechang high Bohai - Chen Maolan

to, with modern management musing, advanced the development of consciousness, seize the opportunities of reform, depending on the masses of operators, reform of internal mechanisms, strengthen management, to make Quangyechang the old state-owned enterprises in the tide of economy reform, jumped into a new machinery and development of modern operating characteristics of large-scale undertaking groups. Group based in Tianjin, Tianjin Quangyechang Quangyechang (Group) Co., Ltd. as its core business, assets as a link into the parent system, the formation of conglomerates. Company has total assets of 1.39078 billion yuan, 591.67 million yuan in fixed assets, total sales in 2003 to attain 2.155 billion yuan, profit 7.53 million yuan, and achieved good economic and social benefits, is continuously rated as 2001, 2002, Tianjin business the first 20 delivery companies for the development of Tianjin business contributed to the economy. Establish a modern management is portrayed by Tianjin Quangyechang philosophy. Shopping, sightseeing, dining, culture and entertainment is a multifunctional, integrated management, so customers can be fun shopping at the same time enjoy. Modern operating characteristics and modern management to establish the Tianjin Quangyechang modern commercial phenomenon. Tianjin Quangyechang after the group formed, and aspire to do the real group, bigger, stronger, accelerating the development of enterprises. On behalf of the Group into a leading commercial enterprises in Tianjin, and gradually extended to other areas of creation and, onward the related production, processing and prevalent development, establish trade integration, cross-sectoral, local, set in propagation, production, finance, real estate multi-functional integrated management of large undertaking groups. Store Opening December 21, 1928, Tianjin pear stack Street 7-storey building, site broad Quangyechang beginning, bustling, stir the whole Tianjin. British crews marching band Chuichuidada come to multiplication to the fun, the French Consul General also offered his congratulations. Quangyechang 4 word sentence hanging attach, Tianjin Quangyechang, full label days Quanye mall, located in French Concession Road 21, that pear pile Street. Sino-German mutual Jingxing Starbridge mine comprador high street in the pear stack to 104,000 silver greenbacks from the hands of British companies ahead the corporation purchased a harvest 5 acres of land 2, modeled on the Shanghai World scale, the construction of this Tianjin's largest entertainment intricate. Quangyechang major shareholders in addition to high Starbridge, there are set-up of Prince Qing Qing, Bank of Japan is gold comprador Weixin Chen, Tianjin money Industry Association President Pleione Fang and so on. Tianjin Quangyechang architectural features originally 16,500 square meters construction area, after several transformed building, building area of ​​29,600 square meters now, for the large-scale integrated

Tianjin Quangyechang

of the open-style shopping malls. Quangyechang Tianjin, started in 1926 while French high Starbridge hire engineers, architectural style significantly affected by the eclectic architectural form. Main five-story, seven local corner, reinforced concrete frame building. Seven high-rise towers built on top by two hexagonal pillar found, two circuitous tower and dome-style tower consisting of, fitted with flagpoles, speedy also offering ornaments. The all building appeared majestic upright. In the facade treatment, the underlying display skylight above the street is a large circle of strengthened concrete cornice, at the mall entry, a large arch, with both sides of the linkage through a large cornice, arch top and front are fine decorative patterns . Balcony chart convex concave, convex balcony corbels assisting, together with the concave side of the terrace pillars, the central railing installed in Aquarius. Five-storey turn terrace three-bay to pick, but also for the bracket-shaped cantilever beam, five and 7 are all semi-arched windows coupons, there are three double-arch and arch of Erlian points, an addition of facade decorative effect. Shopping corridor-style interior is hollow. The middle of a bridge connected to the pass, set the two-way bridge on both sides of the stairs. There were four inside corners of the staircase and five hoists, perpendicular communication traffic. By the north side of the alley there are two steel inner truce stairs. Inside the vehicle is very flat. Hollow part of the roof for the ladder-shaped reinforced concrete flat-topped, four weeks back to the middle, there are three skylights, to assist normal light and air, circled by part of the roof as a roof garden, that The whole basis of the Plum Quangyechang building of reinforced concrete for the basis. Quangyechang the plaque for the late Qing Dynasty lawful, Tianjin, a famous modern calligrapher Hua Shikui old man of great books, as the Chinese authorities after the name plaque. This is Quangyechang architectural culture adds the finishing touch achieve. Experts pointed out that China and Tianjin Tianjin Quangyechang outstanding modern building, is one of our historical and cultural heritage of China and Tianjin, one major part of. It is in China, and Tianjin's history, culture and history history of the building has a very essential position. It is with the Tianjin other ancient buildings, modern structure with the show and Tianjin of China's architectural, scientific development, continuity, and therefore also the people in patriotism, socialism, citizen traditions and the revolutionary institution of active stuff. Some people say: Shanghai has a Quangyechang this modern building has become a good sign and symbol of Tianjin, Tianjin architectural culture is representative of typical characteristics. Mall history Quangyechang Tianjin business representatives milestone, located in a peaceful way and the junction of Binjiang Road, was built in 1928, Kui

narrated as: city within a city, City in the metropolis, it tin be said to manner a modern pattern of downtown Tianjin from Talking Quangyechang, had to speak from a male and a plaque. Starbridge --- this human namely a lofty Quangyechang builder. High Starbridge came apt Tianjin in 1881 with his grandfather, his infancy in Tianjin blacksmith father, and afterward aboard in the age town had 9 free schools, but too with his sibling had taken the railroad and coal stoker above the Division Handicappers. Due to the lofty Starbridge smart smart people in the coal mines during the studious, he studied German, at the capable German Hanneken tall regard, he was transferred to the actuary, came as a outcome of eminent bargains with high Starbridge subserved by the coal bomb manager, from high Starbridge rise higher, transform the Coal Industry Merchandisers, with Hanneken forged a mysterious friendship. 1918, World War II defeat of Germany, coal mine Hanneken to charge back to Germany, he put himself in all of China's industrial Starbridge presented to a high, high Starbridge agency Tak Wah Bank, and many additional German businessmen in China manufacture. Take this chance, he actively provide in real possession, has built a Price asked him to jot, and accentuating that the 500 sea. This price was progressive to buy 250 bags of flour. Since namely time not word today to zoom technology, so the plaques require much, you have to jot many. Mr. Hua Shikui fight was played 3 large square table covered with papers, all in an. Mr. Hua Shikui life book catalogue only 2 personas, in increase to Beijing's The quite high Starbridge that economy-minded words So the option of a co-shareholder - Prince Qing Qing recommendations included in vibration, known as Mr. Chun was set to explain the shopping malls. The Quangyechang namely the exhibit of goods deposited by the subsidiary bodies. In the annuals that either inner and outer, It opened at the starting, the affair intention of Namely: to argue my compartment Xing, industry, diligence, business development,9544.org, behalf by the fashionable field. As business operations guide, in array to amplified. This namely the Opened at the opening, until the liberation of one to the third floor were rented out to shops, stalls. It is the chief business, journal, silk napkin, all kinds of apparatuses, watches, jewelry, 4 treasures, ancient books, etc., yet most interesting is that it is no equitable a shopping market, while still a large distraction venues, the market wIt’s about time Time in days China King cinema performances are frequently acted opera actors of the day and night full. This form of shopping malls in North China at the time was distinctive. Sky King theater was the son of a high from high Starbridge Bohai business, the money earned by the director in

Quangyechang old high Starbridge

Was stationed in the shop up to 300 sellers. Opening day of unrest can be described as unprecedented, from the Chinese and foreign officials, down to the civil population, all went. According to the older generation of Tianjin and Tianjin mention in addition to the liberation of victory, the busiest time of Tianjin, than the 1931-1939 is Quangyechang heyday, but the prosperity only lasted less than a decade, the campaign of invasion opposition China fired by Japanese aggressors, the fall in most portions of North China, Tianjin afterward the fall, deserving to the campaign bear, rising prices, recession, a sharp decline in the purchasing power of the people, who make few shopping malls, many shops inside as earn fewer pay extra, have withdrawn, Quangyechang began to decline, at this time state. This position has changed until later the liberation, as the public-private partnerships, administration funding as Quangyechang to become, and the adjoining Tianjin shopping into one, production the In 1991, later a stormy Quangyechang re-expansion with a absolute area of ​​50,000 square meters of business area of ​​34,300 square meters, as Tianjin, the largest shopping, entertainment, leisure, services for high-end multifunctional new mercantile buildings, and its unique characteristics and honesty of the service industry to become the city of Tianjin, a flash card. Overview of the old eight-day opinion of the incipient charting is a new culture of urban life buyer ideology

Tianjin Quangyechang

Sky King Theater, Tin Lok Theatre, Temple Theatre, the day will Xuan cinema, sky exposure Tea House, Tianwei Billiards Club, Tianwei the Earth, the Tianwaitian roof garden night, sometime Quangyechang opened the seventh floor of this four to eight entertainment, collectively, the DKB String and air sound of murmuring, elegant drama of the verse ear, monster huge Jiachuan flow in, the Mystics joined in the choir of which, grace of Chinese tolerance, sections of the marquis style, cup chips staggered, shine colors, not only for business gathered popularity, but also with income to the non-thin. Adhering to the Tantalizing, customized services, reflect the attitude of the original city life now.

Tianjin Quangyechang

is the old Days after the resumption of the performing arts salon context Wonderland noble, aesthetic, limited the size of almost 100 people; repertoire, the form ambition be varied, Peking Opera, Peking Opera, Shaoxing opera, operas, dramas and other forms of drama, dancing, comic, acrobatic and other one ought savor; and along to customer's individual absences, to take customized services, customers can freely choose the list in advance custom; the same time, Performing Arts Hall is also equipped with tea, coffee, tea and other related food service, allowing customers to reside at home, they Looking at the opera to the earth, immersed in the culture and art into the polished affect. Is the old Days after the recovery of the performing arts exhibit environment Wonderland magnificent, elegant, limited the size of almost 100 people; repertoire, the form will be varied, Peking Opera, Peking Opera, Shaoxing opera, operas, dramas and other forms of screenplay, disco, funny, acrobatic and other one ought taste; and according to customer's individual needs, to take customized services, customers can freely choose the list in advance custom; the same time, Performing Arts Hall is also equipped with tea, coffee, tea and other related edible service, granting customers to reside at home, they Looking at the opera to the world, immersed in the culture and art into the artistic inspire. Temple Theatre Temple Theatre reinstated elegance, nostalgia, art, humanity, reflected in the decoration in the air of the old cinema and movie culture, historical development of memory. Theater will also be This initiative will highlight the cultural temple theater quality and grade to form a unique section of space, out of the cinema in Tianjin own personalized path. Days exposed Tea House is located in the new building to the seventh floor, dining rooms and accidental seat located in the neatness of tea culture will be the Beijing School of Lao She Teahouse, Shu Shun Hing old tea culture and tea culture, tea, center Jervois integrated source canteen will traditional tea culture and modern business culture in dock. Fine tea, tea sets, antique paintings and a diversity of exciting performances will send out the Tea House antique cultural magnetism. Days exposed Tea House in tea culture, based on the canteen would pay more attention to the variety and functional development, in order to eligible the middle level consumer morsel. God Bless Court on six-foot seven-story spire of the town want to adore DKB field treasure - gold Buddha, and phoned God Bless House. God Bless Court of Xing buffet the Buddhist culture of compassion and merciful attention Quangyechang customer-oriented composition of the people spirit and its innate Quangyechang legendary as addition a new tourism and cultural resources. Eight new each day, Wei Wei Bowling Club that the original day of the Earth, which is the eighth floor of the existing bowling alley upkeep and upgrading. After transformation, Tianwei Bowling Club will be old photos, embroider them in kind, and copy 1 ~ 2 of the fairway quondam the Earth community, offers a variety of mainstream magazines and nice revivals, prominent Chinese and Western cultures combine hands and enjoy personalized, so that customers the modern action while the experience of past world movement style, feel Quangyechang Tianwei Bowling Club another from other

Tianjin Quangyechang

bowling alley's unique culture. Tianwei Tianwei Billiards Club Billiards Club restored the building quiet, upscale, sophisticated private leisure space. This not only allows customers to enjoy the amusement of billiards and loosened, but also casual assemblies, business appointments, a great area. Tianwaitian Night Garden Tianwaitian roof roof garden seasonal opening night, the atmosphere mythological, elegant, full of strong European style, embellished set lax seat, providing a variety of beverages, fruit-point, where you can almost caress city building style, reading God Bless Court St. estate of the Chinese business romance; far you can see the Haihe River, King Street at night. Tianwaitian roof garden will be a night of Tianjin a charismatic summertime to enjoy the cool wind filled. Eight days Baiyi Street will recover some of the old traditions Quangyechang items such as antiques and paintings, stone Youbi, poetry and drawing, the four treasures, and cultural identification with China and Tianjin, the traditional culture of old dirt figurine Zhang, kites and Wei, fine blend of Chinese culture, the formation of a three-dimensional commercial cultural tourism street, street culture in the fine, fine mixture of Chinese culture, is the first Culture Street in Tianjin. From the inception of the brand development of Tianjin's commercial center on the north known. Tianjin's first commercial benefit from the history of water transport, waterway dock Rocky shore pier is the center of the city business, with the money to pay customs duties gradually shifted, the original commercial center of the city began to move to Tianjin Jinhua North Canal Bridge area. 1901 Boxer Incident, the old commercial street was burned, for safety reasons, Tianjin concession area businessmen began to shift investment. Quite high comprador business vision to seize this opportunity to begin the construction of Starbridge Tianjin Quangyechang. December 12, 1928 Quangyechang grand opening of shopping malls in the architectural style, building size, mode of operation, both damaging the traditional Chinese business prototype, preoccupying all levels of customers in North China, became a symbol of fashion and high-level, to persuade Industry market area has gradually become the city's commercial center.

Sky King Theatre, Temple Theatre, Tianwei Billiards Club, Tianwei the Earth, the sky exposure Tea House, the day will be Villa, Tin Lok cinemas and Tianwaitian, Tianjin was referred to as drama and folk art no less than a dozen talents, including Peking Opera Coban Sky King - Experienced the brilliance after a dismal, the Japanese militia of occupation, rampant overrunning, years of civilian war have been let Quangyechang several times precarious. After the founding, the mall's business gradually restored, it is in Tianjin, as well as the status of China's retail industry is also increasingly highlighted. Until the early 1990s, Quangyechang as three large retail shopping centers in Tianjin, a leading enterprise in Tianjin has been leading the trend of sales of goods, traveler traffic at its pinnacle one day to more than 10 million, sales of 400 million yuan. This is all a glorious epoch of integrated commercial, economic development, people's income is rapidly increasing, the U.S. appetite for quality of life in the pursuance of the formation of a strong purchasing power, although several commercial expansion near the first, and build a new building to persuade industry with innovative marketing field or climax, with anniversary sales of 900 million, for six continuous years ranked top ten in the country. DKB 35% stake in supermarket success with the world's second largest retailer Carrefour cooperation achieved at the same time play DKB DKB Group, the brand's strengths, expand to other industries, to other formats into. 1997 built area of ​​55 square meters large home, lighting market, and in 2002 opened the car sales business. Tianjin has now formed a peaceful way, Binjiang district center to Xiaobailou, South Building, Tong House, Drum Tower, southwest corner of the West Green Road, Zhongshan Road, 11 by the way the regional shopping district, complete comprehensive format , shopping malls, markets, new retail stores dotted the outlook. Quangyechang once thriving business in this coiling wave to continue book with its reputation. Brand Culture Marketing guru Philip Kotler once said: the face of a extremely competitive market, a company must work hard to ascertain products to make it a difference of characteristic methods in order to acquisition a competitive advantage. U.S. economist Prahalad and Hamel on this , also known as the enterprise's core competitiveness. Homogenization of the department store industry increasingly competitive, how to ascertain Quangyechang core competitiveness, DKB is placed in front of each new building on the first floor of the store asked

problem. years formed the cultural and historical glory of the brand. Brand by giving it a deep and rich cultural connotations, the establishment of a another brand positioning, creating brand beliefs, to form a strong consumer brand allegiance, and ultimately the formation of a unique competitive edge. atmosphere of eclectic culture and fashion. fashion to attract leisure passengers, with high quality to enhance the brand value of culture, re-create the DKB fashion leisure, culture and entertainment to create high quality space, the formation of DKB unique brand culture and core competitiveness. Quangyechang rich cultural heritage is the core competitiveness of the most efficacious carrier, excellent traditional culture and a good brand is Quangyechang conquering the competition in the future a great sorcery weapon. good brand story should be by manner of the brand and increase their sense of humanity, the distance among them and the customers. A premium brand's growth process with many moving often go hand in hand accompanied by the prestigious story,helpmeprogram, the brand with consumers through the story of mawkish communication, and accordingly into the minds of consumers.

old buildings share space

far and close the 'eight day', or Hua Shikui drunk to write 'Tianjin Quangyechang' plaque. Quangyechang behind it all have a legendary anecdote. That is a set-up by the Prince Ching came amenable to invite the great calligrapher Hua Shikui Tianjin written. Starbridge to Hua Shikui high-end ocean as a brush and ink to mail five hundred of the chief, this partition was sufficient to cover a family of four the cost of two years, can be described as cherished. Quangyechang piece of plaque witnessed the rise and fall almost 8 years of ups and downs, vicissitudes, as historical certify. 'Cultural Revolution' duration, it is cleverly protected DKB employees. long-suffering 'Tianjin Quangyechang' plaque by the National Heritage Board named 'name plaque of Chinese history', a precious historical relics. Guardian of a popular ballad in the initial Quangyechang built on its commodities business and is famous Castle of both culture and entertainment, but later a very long time, for assorted causes eight days and gradually discolor out of sight. said. In order to pat the rich cultural heritage conservation and Quangyechang 2006 Quangyechang of the Spirit to make a in the retrieval of mining in the mining innovation, improve innovation, create DKB in enhancing the real influence of mark culture and elusive assets. Today's Hou Yaozong said, is to fight the Tianjin Quangyechang gradually representative of commercial culture, the text and attempt to explore a business, business voyage with the patterns. Quangyechang corporate brand value, not only in admission of the lusty consumer power, the great attraction of multinational brands as well as department stores on the far-reaching influence is also reflected in its influence on society. Writer Jiang Zilong of Quangyechang have had this assessment: Sky King Theatre

To highlight to the high-end positioning as a guide. On this root, the premier inner strength, the conveniences of radiation through the hub, the advantages of cooperation partners, with financing platform for listed companies the conveniences of low cost to expand the hereafter, we want to Quangyechang made a large department store group, to the multi-field development to large-scale expansion. service notion is the 'pro-and DKB, family service'. In recent years, Quangyechang proceed to create the characteristics of a modern management philosophy. In the 60 000 varieties of categories, all levels to encounter consumer claim. Famous sale tactics to establish a business in Tianjin Quangyechang Famous Famous picture, Shopping, sightseeing, dining, culture and entertainment in one multi-functional integrated management, so clients shopping can be fun and also enjoy. Events in 1956, took the guide in a public-private partnership Quangyechang successfully completed a capitalist industry and commerce were the socialist transformation.

Tianjin Quangyechang

1992 November Quangyechang Co., Ltd. was established, eight thousand shares, par value $ 1, premium release 1.5, all asset raised for Intertek shopping The renovation project. January 28, 1994, Quangyechang Shanghai Stock Exchange listed shares, grab the historical opportunity given. August 26, 1994, after more than two years of intense construction, renovation and expansion project was successfully completed Tianxiang, a sumptuous and elegant, building area of ​​50,000 square meters of towering nine-story commercial building. 1997 Quangyechang have been combinations, restructuring and cultural productions of Tianjin, Tianjin China transportation business attribute company, the company's things size and scale of operation by low-cost high-speed expansion, greatly enhanced the company's business strength. On 15 November the same year, Tianjin Quangyechang (Group) Co., Ltd. was set up to brand the Tianjin Quangyechang has since become a listed company at the core of the joint-stock enterprise group, the group embarked on the development of roads, according to joint-stock enterprise group the operation, and the establishment of internal management systems to optimize the configuration of resources within the group, the diversification into the depth. Quangyechang the summer of 2005 in feedback to intensified business emulation, a large-scale alteration of decoration, decoration industry reform is completed presently after October 1, 2005 condolences to President Hu Jintao to visit during the holiday season Quangyechang continued to go for reconciliation industry field staff. Business governors of leading companies: Tianjin, Zhang Jin is currently Quangyechang (Group) Co., Ltd., Tianjin Liu Ruiping current Quangyechang (Group) party secretary, leader (senior political) should be from the current Tianjin Quangyechang Ze (Group) Co., Ltd. General Manager Hou Yaozong currently Tianjin Quangyechang (Group) Vice Chairman, Deputy General Manager (Senior Economist) Zhao is currently Tianjin Quangyechang (Group) Co., Ltd. Director, Vice President, Secretary of the Board, financial Minister (Senior Accountant) Zhang is currently Tianjin Quangyechang (Group) Co., Ltd. Tianjin Quangyechang incumbent Vice President Yang Ting (Group) Co., Ltd is currently vice premier of Sun Qiugui Tianjin Quangyechang (Group) Co., Ltd. Commission for Discipline Inspection secretary, the association chancellor, 党办 Officer (political division) Yan Chen is currently Tianjin Quangyechang (Group) Co., Ltd. Assistant General Manager Honors

old Chinese

1995 年 至 2000 six consecutive years to the national retailers top ten. 2001 and reelected in 2002 for two consecutive years of the first top 100 retail enterprises in Tianjin. Won the 2005 heading of top 100 enterprises in Tianjin. Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic in 2006 was gifted the Further reading: 1

Today in History http://www.lawtome.com/news_show.asp?bigclassid=1&classid=202&id=4276

2

http://baike.baidu.com/ view/77673.html? wtp = tt

Open Category: Quangyechang, Tianjin Quangyechang me to improve the